Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). This manual is published by the
American Psychiatric Association and is used by mental health
professionals to diagnose mental
conditions and by insurance companies to reimburse for treatment.
The DSM criteria note that people with BPD have a pattern of unstable relationships, self-image and mood, as well as impulsive behavior. These typically begin in early adulthood.
For BPD to be diagnosed, at least five of the following signs and symptoms must be present:
* Intense fears of abandonment
* A pattern of unstable relationships
* Unstable self-image
* Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors
* Suicidal behavior or self-injury
* Wide mood swings
* Chronic feelings of emptiness
* Inappropriate anger
* Periods of paranoia and loss of contact with reality
The DSM criteria note that people with BPD have a pattern of unstable relationships, self-image and mood, as well as impulsive behavior. These typically begin in early adulthood.
For BPD to be diagnosed, at least five of the following signs and symptoms must be present:
* Intense fears of abandonment
* A pattern of unstable relationships
* Unstable self-image
* Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors
* Suicidal behavior or self-injury
* Wide mood swings
* Chronic feelings of emptiness
* Inappropriate anger
* Periods of paranoia and loss of contact with reality
===========
Complications
Borderline personality disorder can damage many areas of a person's life. Relationships, jobs, school, social activities, self-image — all can be negatively affected. Repeated job losses and broken marriages are common. Self-injury, such as cutting or burning, can result in scarring and frequent hospitalizations. Suicide rates among people with BPD are very high, reaching 10 percent.
In addition, people with borderline personality disorder may have other mental health problems, too, including:
* Depression
* Substance abuse
* Anxiety disorders
* Eating disorders
* Bipolar disorder
* Other personality disorders
Because of their risky, impulsive behavior, people with BPD are also more vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, motor vehicle accidents and physical fights. They may also be involved in abusive relationships, either as the abuser or the abused.
Borderline personality disorder can damage many areas of a person's life. Relationships, jobs, school, social activities, self-image — all can be negatively affected. Repeated job losses and broken marriages are common. Self-injury, such as cutting or burning, can result in scarring and frequent hospitalizations. Suicide rates among people with BPD are very high, reaching 10 percent.
In addition, people with borderline personality disorder may have other mental health problems, too, including:
* Depression
* Substance abuse
* Anxiety disorders
* Eating disorders
* Bipolar disorder
* Other personality disorders
Because of their risky, impulsive behavior, people with BPD are also more vulnerable to unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, motor vehicle accidents and physical fights. They may also be involved in abusive relationships, either as the abuser or the abused.
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-
Hereditary predisposition. Many people with borderline personality
disorder have a history of childhood abuse, neglect and separation from
caregivers or loved ones.
- Childhood abuse. Many people with the disorder report being sexually or physically abused during childhood.
- Neglect. Some people with the disorder describe severe deprivation, neglect and abandonment during childhood.
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